Drill bit, kamar yadda ya fi na kowa kayan aiki a cikin rami aiki, ana amfani da ko'ina a inji masana'antu, musamman ga aiki na ramukan a sanyaya na'urorin, tube zanen gado na ikon samar da kayan aiki, tururi janareta da sauran sassa.
1,Halayen hakowa
Wurin rawar soja yawanci yana da manyan gefuna guda biyu.A lokacin mashin ɗin, ƙwanƙwasa yana juyawa kuma yana yanke lokaci guda.Ƙaƙƙarfan kusurwa na ƙwanƙwasa ya zama ya fi girma kuma ya fi girma daga tsakiya na tsakiya zuwa gefen waje, saurin yankewar da ke kusa da da'irar waje ya fi girma, kuma saurin yankewa ya ragu zuwa tsakiya, da kuma saurin yankewa. cibiyar juyawa ta drill bit sifili ne.A kwance gefen rawar soja yana kusa da axis na cibiyar juyawa.Gefen gefe yana da babban kusurwar rake na taimako, babu sarari guntu, da ƙananan saurin yankewa, don haka zai samar da babban juriya na axial.Idan madaidaicin gefen yana niƙa don rubuta A ko C a cikin DIN1414, kuma yankan gefen kusa da axis na tsakiya yana da kusurwar rake mai kyau, za'a iya rage juriya na yankewa kuma ana iya inganta aikin yankewa sosai.
Dangane da nau'i-nau'i daban-daban, kayan aiki, tsarin da ayyuka na workpieces, za a iya raba drills zuwa nau'i-nau'i daban-daban, irin su manyan kayan aiki na karfe mai sauri (ƙwaƙwalwar murƙushewa, rukuni na rukuni, ƙwanƙwasa lebur), ƙirar carbide mai haɗaka, indexable m rami drills, zurfin zurfi. ramukan ramuka, rawar hannu, da ma'aunin kai mai musanya.
2,Watsewar guntu da cire guntu
Ana aiwatar da yankan ƙwanƙwasa a cikin rami mai kunkuntar, kuma dole ne a fitar da kwakwalwan kwamfuta ta hanyar yankan tsagi na ƙwanƙwasa, don haka siffar guntu yana da tasiri mai girma akan aikin yankan.Siffofin guntu na yau da kullun sun haɗa da guntuwar flake, guntun tubular, guntun allura, guntuwar karkace, guntuwar kintinkiri, kwakwalwan kwamfuta mai siffar fan, guntun foda, da sauransu.
Lokacin da siffar guntu bai dace ba, matsaloli masu zuwa zasu faru:
①Kyawawan kwakwalwan kwamfuta suna toshe tsagi na gefen, suna shafar daidaiton hakowa, rage rayuwar rawar sojan, har ma da karya ɗigon rawar jiki (kamar guntun foda, guntu mai siffar fan, da sauransu);
②Dogayen kwakwalwan kwamfuta suna nannade wurin rawar rawar jiki, suna hana aiki, haifar da lahani ga ɗigon rawar soja ko hana yanke ruwa shiga ramin (kamar guntun karkace, guntuwar ribbon, da sauransu).
Yadda za a magance matsalar sifar guntu mara kyau:
①Za'a iya inganta tasirin tsinkewar guntu da cire guntu ta hanyar haɓaka ƙimar ciyarwa, ciyarwar lokaci-lokaci, niƙa gefen giciye, shigar da ƙwanƙwasa guntu, da sauransu, bi da bi ko tare, don kawar da matsalolin da kwakwalwan kwamfuta ke haifarwa.
②Ana iya amfani da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwanƙwasa don hakowa.Misali, ana ƙara ɓangarorin da aka ƙera guntu a cikin tsagi na rawar soja don karya kwakwalwan kwamfuta cikin sauƙin share kwakwalwan kwamfuta.Za a fitar da tarkace cikin sauƙi tare da ramin ba tare da toshewa a cikin ramin ba.Saboda haka, sabon guntu rawar sojan ya sami sakamako mafi santsi fiye da rawar sojan gargajiya.
A lokaci guda kuma, ɗan gajeren baƙin ƙarfe yana ba da sauƙi ga mai sanyaya don gudana zuwa wurin rawar jiki, yana ƙara inganta tasirin zafi da yanke aikin yayin sarrafawa.Bugu da ƙari, saboda sabon ƙarar guntu mai tsinkewa ya ratsa cikin dukan tsagi na rawar sojan, har yanzu ana iya kiyaye siffarsa da aikinsa bayan sau da yawa na niƙa.Bugu da ƙari, haɓaka aikin da ke sama, yana da kyau a ambaci cewa zane yana ƙarfafa ƙarfin jiki na rawar jiki kuma yana ƙara yawan ramukan da aka haƙa kafin niƙa ɗaya.
3,Daidaiton hakowa
Daidaiton ramin ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa kamar girman rami, daidaiton matsayi, coaxiality, roundness, roughness surface da rami burr.
Abubuwan da ke shafar daidaiton ramin da za a yi injin yayin hakowa:
①Matsakaicin daidaito da yanke yanayin rawar jiki, kamar mariƙin kayan aiki, saurin yanke, ƙimar ciyarwa, yankan ruwa, da sauransu;
②Girman bit da siffa, kamar tsayin bit, siffar gefen, ainihin siffar, da dai sauransu;
③Siffar aikin aiki, kamar siffar gefen gefe, siffar bango, kauri, yanayin matsawa, da sauransu.
Counterbore
Reaming yana faruwa ne ta hanyar jujjuyawar abin rawar jiki yayin sarrafawa.Ƙunƙarar mai riƙe da kayan aiki yana da tasiri mai girma akan diamita na rami da daidaitattun matsayi na ramin.Don haka, lokacin da mai riƙe kayan aiki yake da gaske, yakamata a maye gurbin sabon mariƙin kayan aiki cikin lokaci.Lokacin hako ƙananan ramuka, yana da wuya a aunawa da daidaitawa, don haka yana da kyau a yi amfani da ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan diamita tare da kyakkyawar coaxiality tsakanin ruwa da shank.Lokacin amfani da regrind rawar soja don aiwatarwa, dalilin raguwar daidaiton ramin yawanci shine saboda asymmetry na siffar baya.Gudanar da bambancin tsayin gefen zai iya hana ramin ramin yadda ya kamata.
Zagaye na rami
Saboda rawar jiki na rawar rawar jiki, ramin da aka haƙa yana da sauƙi don zama polygonal, kuma bangon ramin yana bayyana kamar tsarin layi biyu.Mafi yawan ramukan polygonal na gama gari suna da uku-angular ko pentagonal.Dalilin ramin triangular shi ne cewa ƙwanƙwasa yana da cibiyoyin juyawa biyu lokacin da ake hakowa, kuma suna girgiza a mitar musayar kowane 600. Babban dalilin girgiza shi ne cewa juriya na yanke ba shi da daidaito.Lokacin da rawar sojan ta juya sau ɗaya, saboda ƙarancin zagaye na ramin da aka sarrafa, juriya ba ta da daidaituwa yayin juyawa na biyu na yanke.Ana sake maimaita jijjiga na ƙarshe, amma lokacin girgiza yana da ƙayyadaddun ɓata, yana haifar da layi biyu akan bangon rami.Lokacin da zurfin hakowa ya kai wani mataki, juzu'in da ke tsakanin gefen gefen rawar soja da bangon ramin yana ƙaruwa, rawar jiki yana raguwa, involute ya ɓace, kuma zagaye ya zama mafi kyau.Wannan nau'in ramin rami ne da aka yi masa siffa daga sashe mai tsayi.Saboda wannan dalili, ramukan pentagon da heptagon suma na iya bayyana a yankan.Don kawar da wannan al'amari, baya ga sarrafa irin abubuwan kamar girgizar collet, yankan tsayin tsayi, da sifar baya da ruwan wukake, ya kamata kuma a dauki matakan inganta tsayin daka na rawar sojan ruwa, da kara yawan abinci a kowane lokaci. juyin juya hali, rage baya kwana, da nika giciye gefen.
Hana ramuka a kan gangara da saman ƙasa
Lokacin da yankan saman ko hakowa ta saman ɗigon rawar soja ya karkata, mai lanƙwasa ko tako, daidaiton matsayi ba shi da kyau.A wannan lokacin, an yanke raguwa a kan radial guda ɗaya, wanda ya rage rayuwar kayan aiki.
Don inganta daidaiton matsayi, ana iya ɗaukar matakai masu zuwa:
1. Hana rami na tsakiya na farko;
2. Niƙa wurin zama na rami tare da injin ƙarshen;
3. Zaɓi raƙuman raƙuman ruwa tare da shiga mai kyau da rigidity;
4. Rage saurin ciyarwa.
Burr magani
A lokacin hakowa, burrs za su bayyana a ƙofar da kuma fita daga cikin rami, musamman a lokacin da kayan aiki da kuma bakin ciki faranti tare da high tauri.Dalili kuwa shi ne, a lokacin da ɗigon ya kusa haƙowa, kayan da za a sarrafa za su sami nakasar filastik.A wannan lokacin, ɓangaren triangular wanda ya kamata a yanke ta gefen ƙwanƙwasa a kusa da gefen waje zai zama mara kyau kuma ya lanƙwasa a waje a ƙarƙashin aikin yankan axial, kuma ya kara murƙushewa a ƙarƙashin aikin chamfer na gefen waje. na rawar rawar soja da gefen gefen bandeji, samar da curls ko burrs.
4,Yanayin sarrafawa don hakowa
Babban kataloji na samfuran rawar soja ya ƙunshi Teburin Tunani na Ma'aunin Yanke na asali da aka tsara bisa ga kayan sarrafawa.Masu amfani za su iya zaɓar yanayin yanke don hakowa ta hanyar yin la'akari da sigogin yanke da aka bayar.Ko zaɓin yanayin yanke ya dace ya kamata a yi la'akari da shi gabaɗaya ta hanyar yanke gwaji bisa ga dalilai kamar daidaiton injin, ingancin injin, rayuwar rawar soja, da sauransu.
1. Bit rayuwa da machining inganci
A kan yanayin saduwa da buƙatun fasaha na kayan aikin da za a sarrafa, ya kamata a auna yadda ake amfani da rawar soja gabaɗaya bisa ga rayuwar sabis da ingantaccen aiki na rawar soja.Za'a iya zaɓar nisan yanke a matsayin ma'aunin kimantawa na rayuwar sabis ɗin bit;Ana iya zaɓar saurin ciyarwa azaman ma'aunin kimanta ingancin injina.Don manyan raƙuman rawar soja na ƙarfe mai sauri, rayuwar sabis na rawar sojan yana da matukar tasiri da saurin juzu'i, kuma ƙimar ciyarwar kowane juyin juya hali ba shi da tasiri sosai.Sabili da haka, ana iya inganta aikin injina ta hanyar haɓaka ƙimar abinci a kowane juyin juya hali, tare da tabbatar da tsawon rayuwar mashin ɗin.Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura cewa idan adadin abinci a kowane juyin juya hali ya yi girma sosai, guntu zai yi kauri, yana haifar da matsala wajen karya guntu.Don haka, ya zama dole a tantance kewayon adadin abinci a kowane juyin juya hali don karyewar guntu mai santsi ta hanyar yanke gwaji.Don siminti na rawar sojan carbide, akwai babban chamfer a cikin madaidaicin kusurwar rake na yankan gefen, kuma zaɓin adadin ciyarwa a kowane juyin juya hali ya fi na manyan raƙuman sojan ƙarfe mai sauri.Idan adadin ciyarwar kowane juyin juya hali ya wuce wannan kewayon yayin sarrafawa, za a rage rayuwar sabis na ɗan rawar sojan.Kamar yadda juriya na zafi na simintin carbide bit ya fi na ƙarfe mai sauri, kuma saurin jujjuyawar yana da ɗan tasiri a rayuwar bit ɗin, ana iya amfani da hanyar haɓaka saurin jujjuya don haɓaka ingantaccen sarrafa siminti. carbide bit kuma tabbatar da rayuwar bit.
2. Amfani da hankali na yanke ruwa
An yanke rawar rawar jiki a cikin kunkuntar rami, don haka nau'in yankan ruwa da hanyar allura suna da tasiri mai yawa akan rayuwar ɗigon rawar jiki da daidaiton injin ramin.Ana iya raba ruwan yankan zuwa ruwa mai narkewa da ruwa mai narkewa.Ruwan yankan ruwan da ba zai iya narkewa ba yana da kyau mai kyau, jiyya da juriya, kuma yana da aikin rigakafin tsatsa.Ruwan yankan ruwa mai narkewa yana da kyawawan kayan sanyaya, babu hayaki kuma babu ƙonewa.Dangane da kariyar muhalli, an yi amfani da ruwan yankan ruwa mai narkewa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.Koyaya, idan rabon dilution na ruwan yankan ruwa mai narkewa bai dace ba ko kuma ruwan yankan ya lalace, rayuwar kayan aiki za ta ragu sosai, don haka dole ne a biya hankali cikin amfani.Ko yana da ruwa mai narkewa ko ruwa mai yankan ruwa, ruwan yankan dole ne ya isa wurin yanke cikakken amfani, da kwarara, matsa lamba, adadin nozzles, yanayin sanyaya (sanyi na ciki ko na waje), da sauransu na yankan ruwan. dole ne a kula sosai.
5,Sake kaifin rawar soja
Hukuncin regrinding
Ma'auni don sake narkar da bulo shine:
1. Saka adadin ƙwanƙwasa, ƙetare iyaka da gefen tare da gefe;
2. Matsakaicin daidaito da rashin ƙarfi na ramin da aka yi amfani da shi;
3. Launi da siffar kwakwalwan kwamfuta;
4. Yanke juriya (spindle current, amo, vibration da sauran dabi'u kai tsaye);
5. Yawan sarrafawa, da dai sauransu.
A cikin ainihin amfani, daidaitattun ma'auni masu dacewa za a ƙayyade daga alamomin da ke sama bisa ga takamaiman yanayi.Lokacin da aka yi amfani da adadin lalacewa azaman ma'auni, ya kamata a sami mafi kyawun lokacin maimaita tattalin arziki.Tunda manyan sassa na niƙa sune bayan kai da gefen kwance, kamar yawan lalacewa na ƙwanƙwasawa, yawan lalacewa na gefen, yawan adadin niƙa, da rage yawan lokutan sakewa (jimlar sabis). rayuwar kayan aiki = rayuwar sabis na kayan aiki bayan regrinding× Rereringing times), akasin haka, zai rage yawan rayuwar sabis na rawar soja;Lokacin da aka yi amfani da daidaiton girman ramin da za a yi amfani da shi azaman ma'auni na shari'a, za a yi amfani da ma'aunin ginshiƙi ko ma'aunin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ramin da rashin daidaituwar ramin.Da zarar ƙimar sarrafawa ta wuce, za a sake yin niƙa nan da nan;Lokacin da aka yi amfani da juriya na yanke a matsayin ma'auni, na'urar za a iya rufe ta ta atomatik nan da nan idan ta wuce ƙimar iyakar da aka saita (kamar yanzu na spindle);Lokacin da aka karɓi iyakar sarrafa adadin sarrafawa, abubuwan da ke sama za a haɗa su cikin hukunce-hukuncen shari'a kuma za a saita ƙa'idodin hukunci.
Hanyar niƙa na rawar soja
A lokacin da aka sake ƙwanƙwasa rawar jiki, yana da kyau a yi amfani da na'ura na musamman ko na'ura mai amfani da kayan aiki na duniya, wanda yake da mahimmanci don tabbatar da rayuwar sabis da machining daidaito na rawar soja.Idan nau'in hakowa na asali yana cikin kyakkyawan yanayin sarrafawa, zai iya zama ƙasa bisa ga nau'in hakowa na asali;Idan nau'in rawar soja na asali yana da lahani, za'a iya inganta siffar baya da kyau kuma ana iya niƙa gefen giciye bisa ga manufar amfani.
Kula da abubuwa masu zuwa lokacin niƙa:
1. Hana zafi fiye da kima kuma rage ɗan taurin;
2. Lalacewar da aka yi a kan ƙwanƙwasa (musamman lalacewa a gefen ruwa) za a cire gaba daya;
3. Nau'in rawar soja ya zama mai ma'ana;
4. Kula da kada ku lalata ƙwanƙwasa a lokacin niƙa, kuma cire burrs bayan niƙa;
5. Don ciminti na carbide drill bits, nau'in niƙa yana da tasiri mai yawa akan aikin rawar jiki.Nau'in rawar soja lokacin barin masana'anta shine mafi kyawun wanda aka samu ta hanyar ƙirar kimiyya da maimaita gwaje-gwaje.Don haka, ya kamata a kiyaye gefuna na asali lokacin sake niƙa.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-10-2022